Table 2 Exploratory outcomes.

From: Unconditional cash transfers to low-income preterm infants and their families: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Survey Data

Low-value cash transfer n (%)

High-value cash transfer n (%)

Survey Wave

Baseline

2-month

4-month

Baseline

2-month

4-month

Financial Strain

(n = 12)

(n = 9)

(n = 9)

(n = 12)

(n = 10)

(n = 10)

“Very confident” can cover a $400 expense

4 (33)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (17)

2 (20)

1 (11)

Worry about expenses “often” or “very often”

5 (42)

3 (33)

3 (33)

5 (42)

5 (50)

3 (30)

Food insecurity in the last month

5 (42)

4 (44)

3 (33)

2 (17)

6 (60)

3 (30)

Caregiver Mental and Physical Health

      

Birthing parent PHQ-2 passing score ( < 3)

8 (67)

4 (44)

5 (56)

11 (92)

5 (50)

5 (50)

Birthing parent Perceived Stress Scale passing score ( < 6)

5 (42)

2 (22)

1 (11)

4 (33)

2 (20)

4 (40)

Healthcare costs impacting ability to access medical care a

n/a

0 (0)

0 (0)

n/a

1 (10)

0 (0)

Rate overall health as “excellent”, “very good”, or “good” b

6 (50)

n/a

5 (56)

7 (58)

n/a

6 (60)

Infant Caregiving

      

Lack of transportation impacted ability to visit NICU c

1 (8)

2 (22)

n/a

2 (17)

2 (20)

n/a

Purchased books for newborn infant a

n/a

4 (44)

6 (66)

n/a

6 (60)

7 (70)

Rate infant health as “excellent”, “very good”, or “good” d

n/a

7 (78)

n/a

n/a

7 (70)

n/a

Receipt of any breastmilk e

n/a

n/a

6 (67)

n/a

n/a

8 (80)

Continued receipt of breastmilk at 4 months e

n/a

n/a

0 (0)

n/a

n/a

4 (40)

Electronic Health Record Data

Low-Value Cash Transfer n (%)

High-Value Cash Transfer n (%)

Infant Health and Healthcare Utilization

(n = 12)

(n = 13) f

Up-to-date with 4-month immunizations

7 (58)

10 (77)

Treatment for retinopathy of prematurity

1 (8)

0 (0)

Necrotizing enterocolitis

0 (0)

1 (8)

Grade 2 or 3 bronchopulmonary dysplasia

3 (25)

5 (38)

Grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage

2 (17)

0 (0)

Birthing hospital length of stay, days, mean (SD)

39 (36)

61 (56)

Home Oxygen, Tracheostomy, or Gastrostomy Tube

0 (0)

1 (8)

Readmission within 3-months of NICU discharge

1 (8)

1 (8)

ED Visits within 3-months of NICU discharge

5 (42)

4 (31)

Birthing Parent Healthcare Utilization

(n = 12)

(n = 12)

Length of stay, days, mean (SD)

8 (4)

5 (2)

Post-partum care within 6-weeks of delivery

7 (58)

8 (67)

ED visits within 3-months of delivery

7 (58)

2 (17)

Inpatient readmissions within 3-months of delivery

3 (25)

1 (8)

  1. SD standard deviation, PHQ-2 patient health questionnaire-2.
  2. aAsked on 2- and 4-month survey instrument.
  3. bAsked on baseline and 4-month survey instrument.
  4. cAsked on baseline and 2-month survey instrument.
  5. dAsked exclusively on 2-month survey instrument.
  6. eAsked exclusively on 4-month survey instrument.
  7. f13 infants in high-value group as 1 birthing parent gave birth to twins.
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