Fig. 3

Effects of HFM and ICM on levels of ROS and oxidative stress in RBCs. a Intracellular ROS were detected in washed RBCs loaded with the probe CM-H2DCFDA and subjected to flow cytometry. Representative histograms show a positive shift in fluorescence 4 h post HFM (left), while there was no significant shift following ICM (right). b Quantification of the fold change in fluorescence post meal. Each dot represents an individual subject value, and the horizontal lines denote the mean values (n = 10 HFM, n = 8 ICM). Tyrosine nitration of band 3 isolated from RBC membranes was increased in HFM group (c), while no change was observed in ICM group (d). *Significant from ICM. †Significant from Pre-meal (n = 6)