Fig. 8 | Laboratory Investigation

Fig. 8

From: Vascular endothelial growth factor enhances profibrotic activities through modulation of calcium homeostasis in human atrial fibroblasts

Fig. 8

Illustration showing the proposed molecular mechanism of the profibrotic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on atrial fibroblasts. VEGF increases Ca2+ entry via the ERK signaling and the interaction of transient receptor potential (TRP) and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K+ (KCa3.1) channels thereby activating the collagen production, migratory capability and myofibroblast differentiation of atrial fibroblasts through the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/ERK, NF-κB signal pathway. EGTA ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid, KN93 CaMKII inhibitor

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