Fig. 1: A correlation between serum cortisol and bile acid levels was observed in both patients with NAFLD and NASH mice.

A Correlation between serum cortisol and bile acid (BA) levels in patients with NAFLD. The correlation factor (r) and P value were estimated with Pearson’s correlation analysis (n = 30). B–D Changes in body weight (B), liver mass (C), and serum ALT level (D) after challenge with restraint stress. The methionine- and choline-supplemented diet, methionine- and choline-deficient diet, restraint stress, and non-stressed control were expressed as MCS, MCD, stress, and non-stress, respectively. Data represent the mean and SD (n = 5). Significance was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni’s test (###P < 0.001 for the MCS-non-stress vs. the MCD-non-stress). E Correlation between serum corticosterone and BA levels in the NASH mouse model. The correlation factor (r) and P value were estimated with Pearson’s correlation analysis (n = 20).