Fig. 5: sCL has characteristics reflecting stress response and partial/hybrid EMT.

a Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using hallmark gene sets from the Molecular Signature Database. Statistically significant signatures were selected (FDR < 0.05) and placed in order of normalized enrichment score (NES). Red bars indicate the pathways enriched in the sCLs and blue bars those in the gland structures. GSEA enrichment plots are shown in the right. b Heatmap of differentially expressed genes (fold change > 3, averaged score > 1000). c Expression of LGR5 and S100A4 in xenograft sample of LGR5-positive CSC line at 12 days after inoculation. Expression of S100A4 was colocalized in a part of LGR5-positive sCLs (arrow heads). Scale bar = 100 μm.