Fig. 8: The mechanism of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles delivering LncRNA XIST in myocardial pyroptosis in atrial fibrillation.

Schematic illustration of the proposed mechanism: the EVs from AMSCs containing XIST suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and the myocardial cell pyroptosis in AF by impairing miR-214-3p-mediated Arl2 inhibition.