Fig. 6: Schematic representation of the down-regulated signaling cascades resulting from PIK3CD knockout.

PIK3CD activation by external stimuli can directly activate PLEK2 and indirectly stimulate PAK3 via cdc42. The resulting PAK3 activation subsequently affect MMP9, ACTG2 and CCL5 expression through activating AKT. Elevated MMP9, ACTG2 and CCL5 expression can modulate GBM cell invasion, actin rearrangement and cell migration simultaneously.