Table 3 Complications and therapy.

From: Risk factors for death in 1859 subjects with COVID-19

 

Total n = 1859

Alive n = 1651 (89)

Died n = 208 (11)

P value

Complications

 ARDS

227 (12)

53 (3)

174 (84)

<0.001

 Bacterial infections

563 (30)

383 (23)

180 (87)

<0.001

 Septic shock

64 (4)

1 (0.1)

63 (37)

<0.001

 Acute kidney injury

99 (5)

17 (1)

82 (39)

<0.001

 Cardiac injury

229 (12)

99 (6)

130 (63)

<0.001

 Abnormal LFT

456 (25)

354 (22)

102 (50)

<0.001

 Gastro-intestinal bleeding

34 (2)

5 (0.3)

29 (14)

<0.001

 Coagulopathy

49 (3)

2 (0.1)

47 (23)

<0.001

 Multiple organ failure

129 (7)

3 (0.2)

126 (61)

<0.001

Therapy

 Antibiotics

1559 (85)

1356 (84)

203 (98)

<0.001

 Antifungal drugs

71 (4)

32 (2)

39 (20)

<0.001

 Oseltamivir

757 (41)

688 (42)

69 (33)

0.021

 Umifenovir

1386 (75)

1226 (74)

160 (77)

0.351

 Lopinavir/Ritonavir

339 (23)

280 (22)

59 (35)

<0.001

 Interferon

387 (21)

344 (21)

43 (21)

0.957

 Corticosteroids

753 (41)

588 (36)

165 (80)

<0.001

 IVIG

506 (29)

401 (26)

105 (52)

<0.001

 High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy

233 (16)

81 (6)

152 (89)

<0.001

 Noninvasive mechanical ventilation

145 (8)

27 (2)

118 (57)

<0.001

 Invasive mechanical ventilation

85 (5)

12 (1)

73 (35)

<0.001

 ECMO

4 (0.2)

1 (0.1)

3 (1)

0.005

 CRRT

23 (2)

4 (0.3)

19 (11)

<0.001

Outcomes

 ICU admission

106 (6)

36 (2)

70 (34)

<0.001

 Time from illness onset to ICU admission, median (IQR), days

14 (10, 20)

14 (10, 21)

14 (10, 20)

0.962

 ICU length of stay, median (IQR), days

10 (4, 17)

10 (5, 18)

10 (4, 16)

0.676

 Time from illness onset to repeated negative SARS-CoV-2 tests, median (IQR), days

22 (17, 28)

22 (17, 28)

21 (15, 27)

0.284

 Time from illness onset to admission, median (IQR), days

10 (7, 15)

10 (7, 16)

9 (6, 12)

<0.001

 Time from illness onset to progression, median (IQR), days

10 (7, 15)

10 (6, 14)

12 (9, 18)

<0.001

 Time from illness onset to outcome, median (IQR), days

30 (23, 37)

31 (24, 38)

21 (14, 28)

<0.001

 Time from diagnosis to outcome, median (IQR), days

19 (13, 27)

20 (14, 28)

11 (5, 17)

<0.001

 Time from admission to outcome, median (IQR), days

18 (12, 23)

18 (14, 23)

10 (6, 19)

<0.001

  1. LFT liver function test, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, IVIG intravenous immunoglobin, ECMO extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, ICU intensive care unit.
Back to article page