Fig. 8: Graphical summary.
From: Luspatercept restores SDF-1-mediated hematopoietic support by MDS-derived mesenchymal stromal cells
High GDF-11 levels in the MDS BMME activate Smad2/3 phosphorylation and expression of Co-Smad4 that binds to the SDF-1 promoter region [7] thereby suppressing transcription and leading to impaired hematopoiesis. Trapping GDF-11 by RAP-536/luspatercept reduces Smad2/3 and Smad4 activity resulting in SDF-1 promoter activation and elevated expression, thereby restoring HSPC support.
