Fig. 2: MDS and AML bone marrow leukocytes demonstrate aberrant glycosylation patterns.

A Principal component (PC) analysis on the lectin binding intensities for each sample indicates dissimilar glycosylation patterns between NBM and patients with AML, MDS and, to a lesser extent, iron deficiency and dysregulated iron metabolism (IDef). Missing values resulted from the absence of a cluster of cells in some of the samples and were dealt with by zero imputation. The first, second and third PC account for 14.2%, 10.9% and 10.3% of the variance, respectively. (I) The second PC separates AML patients from NBM as well as IDef and MDS patients. (II) MDS patients are placed in a distinct region than AML patients and NBM. (III-IV) The third PC separates the majority of the MDS patients and about the half of the IDef patients from NBM. B Heatmap summary of the lectin binding intensities on normal populations, i.e. excluding LSCs [1,2,10] and aberrant CD34^- progenitors [12]. The first heatmap (gray background) summarizes the lectin binding intensities on NBM-derived populations. The other heatmaps present the difference in lectin-binding intensities in patients samples expressed by the fold change defined as (Y-X)/X using the lectin binding in NBM and patient diagnoses as X and Y, respectively. C Boxplots illustrating the median and range of glycan expression on distinct hematopoietic populations across diagnoses. Note that only a selection of the differentially expressed glycans is shown as an example. D Heatmap summary presenting lectin binding intensities from NBM-derived HSC/CMPs [3] as compared to aberrant stem cell populations, including AML-derived LSCs [1,2,10] and IDef-, MDS- and AML-derived HSC/CMPs [3]. E Boxplot summary of differentially expressed SNA-bound α2-6 sialoglycans, ConA-bound high-mannose glycans and/or di-antennary N-glycans and MAL-I-bound α2-3 N-linked sialoglycans between low risk (LR, good risk cytogenetics) and high risk (HR, intermediate or poor risk cytogenetics) MDS. The P values are based on the Mann–Whitney U test. MO monocytes, pDC plasmacytoid dendritic cell, MEP megakaryocyte erythroid progenitor, HSC/CMP hematopoietic stem cell/common myeloid progenitor, LSC leukemic stem cell, GMP granulocyte macrophage progenitor, ERY erythrocyte, MGK megakaryocyte, PLASMA plasma cell, LYM lymphocyte, CLP common lymphoid progenitor, GRN granulocyte, IM immature, EO eosinophil, PRO progenitor.