Fig. 1: Treatment disposition, CONSORT diagram.

Reasons for exclusion prior to randomization were negative FLT3 mutation status, unclear relapsed/refractory status, other inclusion criteria not met, patient withdrawal, other exclusion criteria met, investigator decision, medical records for hospitalization not available, death, and economic reasons. *Indicates patients on high-dose chemotherapy who completed one cycle of treatment with a composite complete remission and were taken off of treatment or completed two cycles of treatment. FLAG fludarabine, high-dose cytarabine, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, FLT3 FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3, MEC mitoxantrone, etoposide, and intermediate-dose cytarabine.