Fig. 3: Cross-modality transformations in holography.

a Brightfield holography18. A trained neural network brings the spatial and color contrast and axial sectioning capability of a high-NA brightfield microscope to holography. BP back-propagation. Adapted with permission from ref. 18. b Phase staining21. A trained network takes a reconstructed holographic QPI of an unstained tissue sample as input and then outputs the equivalent image of a histologically stained sample, imaged with a brightfield microscope, virtually achieving staining color and contrast without histological staining of the sample. Adapted with permission from ref. 21