Fig. 4: Monte Carlo modelling of energy transfer.
From: Understanding and tuning blue-to-near-infrared photon cutting by the Tm3+/Yb3+ couple
Tm3+-to-Yb3+ energy-transfer dynamics for different Yb3+ concentrations in (a, e) YBO3, (b, f) YAG, (c, g) Y2O3, and (d, h) NaYF4. The energy-transfer dynamics are isolated from the full photoluminescence decay curves (Fig. 2e–h) by dividing the data obtained for x% Yb3+ by the data for 0% Yb3+. Panels a–d show the results of a fit to a model of phonon-assisted cross-relaxation (Eq. (2)), whereas e–h show those for a model of cooperative energy transfer (Eq. (3)). See the Experimental section for details of the modelling procedure. The phonon-assisted cross-relaxation model matches the dynamics of YBO3, YAG, and Y2O3, while the cooperative model matches the dynamics of NaYF4
