Fig. 6: Strain-induced anisotropic optical effects in graphene.

a–c Polar plots of the longitudinal optical conductivity as a function of frequency (ω > 0, polar axis) and electric field orientation ϕ (polar angle). Strain is applied along the armchair direction, and increases from a to c (ε = 0, 0.075, and 0.175)⁴⁷. d Schematic of the absorption measurement setup for graphene¹¹⁴. e Polarization-resolved optical transmittance of strained graphene¹¹⁴. Reprinted a–c with permission from ref. ⁴⁷. Copyright (2010) by American Physical Society. Reprinted d and e from ref. ¹¹⁴ with permission from Wiley