Fig. 3: Topography and emission pattern of the emitter-antenna structures.

a AFM image of a small patch antenna and b the corresponding height profiles. c Electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera image of the radiation pattern of the same antenna measured in the far field by imaging the Fourier plane of the QD emission and d the associated polar plot. e (θ, φ) polar plot of the numerically simulated emission pattern of a similar elliptical patch antenna and f the polar plot along the maximum intensity axis