Fig. 5: Immunofluorescence labeling of primary neurons after S-XRF experiment. | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 5: Immunofluorescence labeling of primary neurons after S-XRF experiment.

From: Correlative optical photothermal infrared and X-ray fluorescence for chemical imaging of trace elements and relevant molecular structures directly in neurons

Fig. 5

a Representative immunofluorescence image of primary neurons labeled with neuron-specific antibody drebrin. b Drebrin immunofluorescence labeling of primary neurons after X-ray exposure. c, e Representative image of Cl, Cu, and Fe distributions in primary APP-KO neurons. d Photoreduction of copper during X-ray absorption measurements at room temperature. Cultured cells were incubated with 10−2 M CuSO4; after a 30-min incubation, cells were washed, collected, and freeze-dried. XANES spectra were collected at room temperature. XANES spectra of Cu2O and CuO were used as references of Cu(I) and Cu(II), respectively. An arrow indicates the pre-edge peak at 8982.5 eV, indicative of the Cu(I) state. The inserted graph shows the dynamic of Cu photoreduction over the measurement time. f No photoreduction of iron was observed during X-ray absorption measurements at room temperature. Cultured cells were incubated with 10−2 M Fe2O3; after a 30-min incubation at 4 °C, cells were washed, collected, and freeze-dried. XANES spectra were collected every 10 s for 1 h at room temperature

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