Fig. 6: DEOS measurement of the Coulomb field created by relativistic electron bunches at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (Eu-XFEL). | Light: Science & Applications

Fig. 6: DEOS measurement of the Coulomb field created by relativistic electron bunches at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (Eu-XFEL).

From: Phase Diversity Electro-optic Sampling: A new approach to single-shot terahertz waveform recording

Fig. 6

A laser beam probes the electric field at a distance D = 5 mm from the electron beam. HWP: half wave plate, QWP, quarter wave plate, PBS, fiber-based polarizing beam-splitter. Blue lines indicate polarization-maintaining fibers (PM980) and green lines indicate single-mode fibers (HI1060). The probe laser is reflected on a Gallium Phosphide (GaP) crystal back side. The spectrum readout is performed using a KALYPSO linear array camera operating at 1.13 MHz line rate51,52. Details of laser transport and KALYPSO focusing optics are not shown—see ref. 34 for further details

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