Fig. 1: General design for studying confined-domain CEE in CPDs.
From: Confined-domain crosslink-enhanced emission effect in carbonized polymer dots

a Schematic of the “addition-condensation polymerization” strategy. b Schematic Jablonski diagram of the possible PL mechanism for CPDs with substituents exerting different degrees of steric hindrance (1: no steric hindrance. 2: small steric hindrance. 3: large steric hindrance)