Fig. 3: NIR applications based on pc-LEDs.

a Emission spectra of the pc-LED fabricated by the CISO:Fe3+ phosphor. b Photographs captured under natural light and NIR light. c Photograph of the NIR light penetrating fingers. d PL spectra of the phosphor NIR light before and after penetrating water, and the corresponding calculated transmission spectra of water. e Emission spectra of the as-fabricated optimal pc-LED with and without cucumbers in the integrating sphere. f Absorption spectra of cucumbers