Fig. 1: The wireless text-communication using EBCM.

a The system architecture of the text-communication system as well as the coding and decoding process. The encoding process from EEG signals to the transmitted EM signals, where the EEG signals shown in (b) are first detected by BCI and translated into the digital sequence in (c) for wireless transmission, then radiated by the metasurface with different pattern amplitudes in (d). e–g The decoding process of wireless communication, where the antenna and FPGA in (e) firstly receive and sample the signals from space and convert them into the digital signals. The sampled data are discretized into 0/1 codes for decoding, as depicted in (f) and finally translated into the text for display. Reprinted with permission from Ref. ⁸, Copyright (2022)