Fig. 3: Design of the tunable liquid crystal grating.

a Distribution of the tunable liquid crystal molecules in the small periodic order. b Distribution of the tunable liquid crystal molecules in the large periodic order. c Response time of the tunable liquid crystal grating (w1 = w2 = 10 μm, the maximum light transmittance is 95%). d Intensity distribution of the electric field distribution (VDC = 3.7 V, VAC = 0 V). e Liquid crystal molecular distribution in the small periodic order (VDC = 3.7 V, VAC = 0 V). f Intensity distribution of the electric field distribution (VDC = 4 V, VAC = 4.5 V). g Liquid crystal molecular distribution in the large periodic order (VDC = 4 V, VAC = 4.5 V). The commercial simulation software: Tech Wiz LCD 3D produced by Sanayi System Company., Ltd., Korea