Fig. 1: Overview of typical metasurface study process.

Representative tasks include a vortex generation, reuse with permission for ref. 120, Copyright @ 2022 Song et al. b light absorption, reuse with permission for ref. 121, © 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement. c focusing lens, reuse with permission for ref. 122, Copyright @ 2017, Wang et al., and d light refraction, reuse with permission for ref. 123, Copyright @ 2021, Ji, W. Y. et al. Laser & Photinics Reviews published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. Besides, the figure also summarizes metasurface simulation principle, fabrication technics, testing conditions, and typical metasurface applications, including e imaging system, reuse with permission for ref. 7, Copyright @ 2019 Fan et al. f communication system, reuse with permission for ref. 124, Copyright @ 2020 Zhao. g radar system, reuse with permission for ref. 125, Copyright @ 2022 Wan et al. Advanced Intelligent Systems Published by Wiley-VCH GmbH, and h quantum optics, reuse with permission for ref. 9, Copyright © 2021, Springer Nature Limited