Fig. 2: Schematic of the experiment.

a Experimental setup. LD: laser diode; TS: telescope system; DM: dichroic mirror; HR: high-reflectivity mirror; M1, M2 and M3: concave mirrors with a radius of curvature of −150 mm, −200 mm and −200 mm, respectively; OC: output coupler with a transmission of 3%; F1, F2: lenses with a focal length of 150 mm and 88 mm, respectively; CL: cylindrical lenses; BS: beam splitter. b Schematic of translation-based off-axis pumping; c Schematic of hybrid angle-based non-collinear pumping