Fig. 4: Quantification of RSOM features in participants with diabetic neuropathy and atherosclerosis.

Participants with diabetes were grouped as follows: diabetic subjects with neuropathy and no atherosclerosis (NnA, n = 25); diabetic subjects with neuropathy and atherosclerosis (NA, n = 24). a Sectional RSOM image from NnA participant. b Sectional RSOM image from NA participant. c, d MIP images of vascular maps in the coronal views of DR layers corresponding to (a, b). e–j Comparisons between the two groups for the following features: e total number of small vessels (with diameter ≤40 µm) in DR layer; f total number of large vessels (with diameter >40 µm) in DR layer; g total number of vessels in DR layer; h total blood volume in DR layer; i thickness of EP layer; j signal density of EP layer. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, respectively. Scale bar = 500 µm. ns not statistically significant. EP epidermis, DR dermis