Fig. 1: Illustration of the Ebot.

a Euglena gracilis motion in response to light enables (b) light-controlled motion through an obstacle course. c Precise light control at the (I) surface becomes challenging at (II) shallow depths due to phase aberrations, and is completely scrambled (III) deep in the diffuse regime. d Light-controlled deformation with changing illumination intensity. e, f Phototaxis of Ebots through (e) channels with obstacles and (f) tight 5-µm channels. Scale bars are 50 µm in (b) and 20 µm in (d–f). Figures are adapted from the original publication⁴