Fig. 5: Multiple device performance analysis of designed meta-absorber.

a Current density and current enhancement are plotted over the test data where different colors show how the current enhancement is affected by the spacer layer thickness. b The statistical distribution of enhancement current as a function of different spacer layer thicknesses is shown for the test data, indicating the enhancement in the range of 60–180% owing to the nanostructures. c Representative examples of enhanced broadband absorption where the solid blue line shows the computed spectra from the COMSOL, dashed red line shows the spectra predicted from RPN, and black solid line shows the absorption in reference structure without metallic rings. (i) J = 14.25 mA cm⁻², J_enh = 100% for D = [29.44, 84.63, 110.41, 165.13, 13.83, 39.96] nm and (ii) J = 13.68 mA cm⁻², J_enh = 123% for D = [35.45, 89.7, 120.32, 165.09, 11.98, 49.54] nm