Fig. 2

Carrier transport path characterization of PbS-QDs films passivated by different ligands. a The graphic summary illustrating the difference of charge transport between PbS QDs/IGZO films with EDT and DDT ligands, including electron trapping within QDs and to neighboring QDs, horizontal transport, and vertical transport to IGZO. b the TEM cross-section of PbS QDs. The scale bar is 5 nm. c The horizontal transporting electron density under dark circumstances at Vds = 5 V. d–f GIXRD image for PbS QDs films passivated by EDT, HDT, and DDT. g PDS of EDT-PbS QDs, HDT-PbS QDs and ODT-PbS QDs. The insert image shows the Urbach-energy of PbS QDs films passivated by EDT, HDT, and DDT. h PL quenching for PbS QDs films treated by different ligands on IGZO film