Fig. 4: Noninvasive (through intact scalp and skull) OA imaging of blood oxygen saturation changes in mouse cerebral vessels in response to varying oxygen levels in the breathing gas mixture.

a Compounded large-scale volumetric OA image of the mouse brain acquired at 850 nm superimposed onto an MRI-based mouse brain atlas; b–g Snapshots of the representative distributions of the spectrally unmixed HbO and HbR components in selected region (labeled in a) during the normoxic (20% O2) and hyperoxic (100% O2) phases of the experiment; h Cerebral vasculature down to 55 µm could be clearly resolved in these transcranial imaging experiments (the corresponding cross-section is labeled in b). i–k Dynamics of HbR, HbO and sO2 levels averaged over 2.5 × 2.5 × 0.7 mm3 volume. The volumetric spatio-temporal dynamics of the sO2 changes are best visualized in Supplementary Video 3