Fig. 1: Design, spectral and fluorescence lifetime characteristics of the model nanoplastics NP A-D.

a Schematics of NP design. b Normalized fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of NP A-D. c Phasor-FLIM characterization of NP A-D (8 months after production; 0.5 mg/ mL, deionized water, 37 oC). Fluorescence decays were collected with 80 MHz frequency of laser pulse. Centre τϕ values indicated in brackets. d, e Effect of the environment on the phasor plots of NP A (d) and NP D (e), respectively. Nanoparticles were measured in all solutions at 0.5 mg/mL, with exception of organoids (10 µg/mL, incubated for 18-24 h)