Fig. 4
Nonlinear diffractions. a Diffraction patterns of the FW under illumination with horizontally polarized, vertically polarized, LHCP, and RHCP light. b Simulated and experimental nonlinear diffraction patterns of the FNLC device with a splay angle of \({\rm{\pi }}\). The corresponding local polarization states are also plotted in simulated SH fields, with the red and blue colors representing different spins. c Analyzed diffraction patterns by a polarizer and the combination of a polarizer and a 1/4 waveplate. d Simulated and experimental nonlinear diffraction patterns of the FNLC device with a splay angle of \(2{\rm{\pi }}/3\). The colored unidirectional arrows in (a) and (d) illustrate the orientations of polar LCs
