Fig. 5: Detuning-dependent polariton-phonon coupling and field evolution at the phonon frequency.

a–d Wavelet transform analysis of time-domain signals reconstructed from incident terahertz wavepackets and three coupled decaying oscillators, corresponding to the upper polariton branch, lower polariton branch, and phonon mode. Time-frequency maps are normalized to the incident pulse amplitude. a Bare MAPbI3 thin film. b Zero detuning. c Finite detuning (\(\Delta =0.1\) THz). d Finite detuning (\(\Delta =0.2\) THz). Time evolution of (e) intensity and (f) phase of the terahertz field at \({\omega }_{{\rm{Ph}}}\) = 0.95 THz for air, bare MAPbI3 and hybrid metasurface at the finite detuning with the same d parameter