Fig. 1: Hybrid-2D optical modulator.
From: Electrically tunable strong coupling in a hybrid-2D excitonic metasurface for optical modulation
a Illustration of the concept: the electrical tunability of a monolayer 2D semiconductor in a heterostructure cavity is combined with the strong light-matter interaction of a dielectric non-local metasurface to achieve strong intensity modulation of the reflected beam. b Experimentally measured photoluminescence (PL) intensity for a bare heterostructure cavity as a function of gate voltage (color). The inset shows a micrograph of the heterostructure, with the monolayer outlined in blue and the measurement position indicated by the red cross. Scalebar: 5 μm. c Schematic of the detailed geometry of the modulator design (not to scale). d Electric field intensity enhancement for a transverse electric (TE) polarized normal-incident wave at free-space wavelength λ0 = 621 nm. The blue line represents the monolayer. e Calculated reflectance spectra for the device with an intrinsic (Ri, blue) and n-doped (Rn, red) monolayer. f The corresponding modulation depth (10⋅log10 (Ri/Rn), magenta) extracted from e
