Fig. 4: Comparison of Nanostructures Formed in Ablation and Molten States.

a SEM image of discontinuous ablated nano-holes formed in Sb2S3 films at a laser fluence of 0.22 mJ cm⁻² and a scanning speed of 150 μm s⁻¹ in the ablation state. b SEM image of polarization independent nano-lines created at a laser fluence of 0.18 mJ cm⁻² and a scanning speed of 150 μm s⁻¹ in molten state. c Corresponding cross-sectional profiles of regions A and B obtained by AFM measurement