Fig. 4: Quantification and comparisons of skin microvasculature endothelial function between non-smokers and smokers.
From: Single-capillary endothelial dysfunction resolved by optoacoustic mesoscopy
Cross-sectional 3D-RSOM images of a male non-smoker (a) and a male smoker volunteer (b). c, d fRSOM images correspond to (a, b), respectively. e, f The image intensity profiles used to characterize endothelial function during the PORH test on a non-smoker and a smoker. g, h Signal profiles of the LDF and WLS measurements done on the same subjects, showing the blood flow, partial blood volume (rHb), and oxygen saturation (SO2) values. i–k Comparisons of the MVC (maximum volume change), HR (hyperemia ratio), and TP (time-to-peak) values in smoker versus non-smoker groups. Values were computed from readings taken in the microvasculature of the subpapillary dermis (SD) layer, the reticular dermis (RD) layer, and the whole dermis vasculature (DV). l, m Measurements of MVC and HR values calculated from the LDF&WLS measurements. n Macrovascular endothelial function assessed by ultrasound flow-mediated dilation during PORH test in non-smokers (V) and smokers (S). o Comparisons of the total blood volume in the dermal layer of non-smokers versus smokers. ns not significant. Scale bar: 500 µm
