Fig. 1: Schematic of the BTO-on-SiN platform.
From: The plasmonic BTO-on-SiN platform – beyond 200 GBd modulation for optical communications
a Overview of the high-speed BTO-on-SiN modulator featuring the combined advantages of low-loss SiN, highly nonlinear BTO, and nanoscale plasmonics. The high-speed device consists of a directional coupler from SiN to BTO, a short BTO waveguide (<200 µm in length), a photonic-to-plasmonic converter and a plasmonic waveguide section. b Cross-section of the SiN-to-BTO directional coupler with below 0.2 dB/transition loss. c Cross-section of the plasmonic BTO waveguide featuring two gold metal plates with BTO in between. Schematics of the different measured modulators with d C-band MZ modulator, e C-band IQ modulator, and f O-Band RT modulator
