Fig. 1: Schematic of in-memory computing based on quantum memory.

a Quantum memory, as the core of quantum in-memory computing, consists of a caesium atom vapour and a three-layer magnetic shielding. The addressing pulses interact with the atomic ensemble packaged in a glass cell, while generating quantum states, including collective atomic excitations and correlated photons. b Quantum enhanced in-memory computing process. Interface unit receives the calculation task and encodes it into the configuration of addressing pulses. In-memory unit converts the analog information of addressing pulses to the generation probability of correlated photons. The output from the single-photon detectors is processed and accumulated according to the accumulation logic designed or programmed by the experimenter. Then the accumulated data (i.e., the detected photon counts) is decoded by the interface unit, and the calculation results can be obtained