Fig. 5: Performance analysis and application demonstration of the SEP-MCSs based on graphene hybrids.

Schematic (a) and XPS spectra (b) comparison of composite component changes of SEP-MCS before and after laser processing. c Performance comparison of our devices with the reported MSCs42,43,44,45,46,47. The G/M-SEP-MSCPL, G/C-SEP-MSCPL and rGO-SEP-MSCPL represent the SEP-MSCPL devices made of rGO/MXene, rGO/COF and rGO, respectively. Demonstration of COF/rGO SEP-MCSPL powering a pressure sensors (d) and a voltage comparator circuit (e)