Fig. 2: Formation and characterization of optical anisotropy-based skyrmions.
From: Skyrmions based on optical anisotropy for topological encoding
a Experimental (Exp) and simulated (Simu) results of the axis geometry fields of various skyrmions (for experimental setup and specifications, see Supplementary Note 2), (top row, left to right) Bloch-type skyrmion, skyrmion lattice, skyrmion bag, (bottom row, left to right) Néel-type skyrmion, meron lattice, higher-order skyrmion. The axis geometry fields are visualized using ellipses and the same color representation as introduced in Fig. 1. Calculated skyrmion numbers for experimental and simulated results are indicated below each axis geometry field plot. b Mueller matrix characterization of Néel-type skyrmion (left) and higher-order skyrmion (right)
