Table 1 Characteristics of patients examined in this study

Checkpoint inhibitor-associated liver injury

7

61 (24–76)

5/2

Liver injuries caused by nivolumab (n = 5) and ipilimumab (n = 2). A clinical summary is available in Table 2

Autoimmune hepatitis

10

66 (20–80)

2/8

All showed an acute presentation, and had antinuclear antibodies and IgG elevations, meeting the criteria for definite autoimmune hepatitis

Drug-induced liver injury

10

56 (32–76)

5/5

All presented with predominantly hepatitic liver dysfunction. Causative drugs were antibiotics (n = 3), anti-inflammatory agents (n = 3), anti-convulsants (n = 2), and herbal medicine (n = 2)