Fig. 3

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is not sustained in venous invasion. a Loss of e-cadherin expression (arrows) in small tongues of neoplastic cells projecting out from a larger globular mass of neoplastic cells with intact e-cadherin expression. b Loss of e-cadherin expression (arrows) in small tongues of neoplastic cells projecting into the lumen of a vein. A detached cluster of neoplastic cells within the vein also show loss of e-cadherin labeling. c A well-formed tube of neoplastic cells with intact e-cadherin labeling extending within the lumen of a vein. d Well-oriented cancer cells form a long tube growing within a vein. Note the adjacent artery with wavy elastic lamina to the right of the vein. Focal cross reactivity of the antibody to desmin to islets of Langerhans is noted in this case. [Green labeling for cytokeratin 19, blue labeling for desmin, and red labeling in a–c for e-cadherin]