Table 2 Cox proportional hazards regression model for recurrence-free survival and overall survival in patients with adenocarcinoma.
Variables | Recurrence-free survival | Overall survival | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate | Multivariate model 1 | Multivariate model 2 | Univariate | Multivariate model 1 | Multivariate model 2 | |||||
p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | HR (95% CI) | p value | |
Age | ||||||||||
>65 vs. ≤65 | 0.294 | 0.005 | 1.67 (1.23–2.28) | 0.001 | 1.68 (1.23–2.29) | 0.001 | ||||
Gender | ||||||||||
Female vs. male | 0.201 | 0.011 | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.019 | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) | 0.019 | ||||
Smoking | ||||||||||
Current or ex-smoker vs. nonsmoker | 0.522 | 0.199 | ||||||||
Carcinoembryonic antigen | ||||||||||
High vs. normal | <0.001 | 1.77 (1.23–2.53) | 0.002 | 1.75 (1.22–2.53) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.44–2.99) | <0.001 | 2.07 (1.44–2.99) | <0.001 |
Tumor location | ||||||||||
Lower lobe vs. upper and middle lobe | 0.213 | 0.489 | ||||||||
Surgical type | ||||||||||
Lobectomy and others vs. Limited resection | 0.304 | 0.063 | 0.43 (0.24–0.75) | 0.003 | 0.43 (0.24–0.75) | 0.003 | ||||
Invasive tumor size | ||||||||||
>3 vs. ≤3 cm | <0.001 | 1.16 (0.85–1.59) | 0.343 | 1.17 (0.85–1.60) | 0.333 | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.01–1.93) | 0.047 | 1.39 (1.01–1.94) | 0.047 |
Lymph node metastasis | ||||||||||
Positive vs. negative | <0.001 | 2.10 (1.51–2.94) | <0.001 | 2.11 (1.51–2.94) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 2.20 (1.52–3.17) | 0.001 | 2.20 (1.52–3.17) | <0.001 |
Visceral pleural invasion | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | 0.337 | 0.329 | ||||||||
Tumor spread through air spaces | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | <0.001 | 1.36 (0.98–1.89) | 0.066 | 1.37 (0.98–1.90) | 0.064 | <0.001 | 1.39 (0.96–2.01) | 0.079 | 1.40 (0.96–2.03) | 0.079 |
Lepidic pattern | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | <0.001 | 0.78 (0.54–1.12) | 0.172 | 0.77 (0.54–1.11) | 0.165 | <0.001 | 0.69 (0.45–1.05) | 0.08 | 0.69 (0.45–1.05) | 0.081 |
Acinar pattern | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | 0.351 | 0.034 | 1.25 (0.83–1.87) | 0.288 | 1.25 (0.83–1.87) | 0.289 | ||||
Papillary pattern | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | 0.059 | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.163 | 0.81 (0.60–1.09) | 0.161 | 0.237 | ||||
Filigree micropapillary pattern | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | <0.001 | 2.01 (1.50–2.68) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 1.83 (1.34–2.50) | <0.001 | ||||
Classic micropapillary pattern | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | <0.001 | 1.72 (1.25–2.38) | 0.001 | <0.001 | 1.67 (1.18–2.36) | 0.003 | ||||
Micropapillary subgroups | ||||||||||
Filigree (+)/classic (−) vs. MP(−) | 0.002 | 1.90 (1.15–3.12) | 0.012 | 0.001 | 1.80 (1.04–3.12) | 0.036 | ||||
Classic (+)/filigree (−) vs. MP(−) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.09–2.52) | 0.018 | <0.001 | 1.65 (1.05–2.61) | 0.031 | ||||
Filigree (+)/classic (+) vs. MP(−) | <0.001 | 3.43 (2.28–5.17) | < 0.001 | <0.001 | 3.04 (1.94–4.79) | <0.001 | ||||
Solid pattern | ||||||||||
Present vs. absent | 0.002 | 1.41 (0.98–2.02) | 0.065 | 1.40 (0.98–2.01) | 0.066 | 0.003 | 1.34 (0.93–1.94) | 0.118 | 1.34 (0.93–1.94) | 0.12 |
Postoperative chemotherapy | ||||||||||
Yes vs. no | 0.902 | 0.993 | ||||||||
