Fig. 1: Evaluation of HBZ-RNAscope.

a, b PPIB signals in representative cases. a This case (case no. 2) was regarded as non-evaluable as almost no PPIB signal was observed. b In this evaluable case (case no. 39), PPIB signals were detected in most cells. c–f HBZ signals. c This case (case no. 1) showed almost no nuclear HBZ signal. Even when some signals were observed, it was difficult to determine whether they were identical to those in tumor cells. Such cases were scored as ±. d A case (case no. 35) scored as 1+. A subset of tumor cells showed clear positive signals. e A case (case no. 14) scored as 2+. Positive signals were evenly distributed in most tumor cells. f A case (case no. 46) scored as 3+. Clusters of positive signals were easily identifiable. Original magnification, ×400 (a–f). HBZ-RNAscope, ultrasensitive RNA in situ hybridization for HTLV-1 bZIP factor using RNAscope; PPIB, peptidylprolyl isomerase B.