Table 1 Demographics and clinical characteristics of concordant twin pairs and twins with ASD and TD controls
Demographics | ASD | TD | ASD vs. TD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concordant twin pairs | MZ (n = 15) | DZ (n = 15) | All ASD (n = 30) | MZ (n = 20) | DZ (n = 14) | All TD (n = 34) | t or χ² | p | |
Age (years) | 11.07 (2.79) | 10.73 (2.89) | 10.90 (2.80) | 10.05 (2.52) | 8.93 (2.87) | 9.59 (2.69) | 1.91 | 0.06 | |
Sex (male/female) | 11/4 | 13/2 | 24/6 | 15/5 | 9/5 | 24/10 | 0.75 | 0.39 | |
Ethnicity (A/B/H/W/MO) | 1/0/1/10/3 | 1/1/2/9/2 | 2/1/3/19/5 | 1/0/1/15/3 | 1/0/0/12/1 | 2/0/1/27/4 | 3.27 | 0.51 | |
SES (Hollingshead) | 53.25 (11.89) | 47.40 (11.51) | 50.22 (11.86) | 54.25 (8.47) | 57.46 (8.76) | 55.52 (8.60) | −2.03 | 0.047* | d |
Clinical characteristics | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individuals | MZ (n = 34) | DZ (n = 44) | All ASD (n = 78) | MZ (n = 40) | DZ (n = 28) | All TD (n = 68) | t or χ² | p | |
Handedness (right/left) | 28/6 | 40/4 | 68/10 | 37/3 | 25/3 | 62/6 | 0.60 | 0.44 | |
Full scale IQ | 83.97 (25.04) | 79.55 (26.86) | 81.53 (25.99) | 110.98 (10.83) | 115.86 (12.08) | 112.99 (11.53) | −9.20 | <0.001✝ | c,d |
Short sensory profile | 143.21 (22.31) | 142.51 (25.20) | 142.79 (23.94) | 174.29 (11.31) | 176.24 (18.93) | 175.10 (14.85) | −9.08 | <0.001✝ | c,d |
Social responsiveness scale | 72.97 (13.32) | 69.45 (18.12) | 71.03 (16.15) | 45.35 (5.46) | 41.07 (4.52) | 43.63 (5.49) | 13.23 | <0.001✝ | b,c,d |
ADI-R diagnostic total | 42.06 (12.89) | 38.98 (15.64) | 40.36 (14.46) | – | – | – | – | – | |
ADOS-2 comparison score | 7.44 (1.85) | 7.23 (1.93) | 7.32 (1.88) | – | – | – | – | – | |
