Table 4 Associations of maternal and neonatal 25OHD and ASD by presence or absence of intellectual disability in the Stockholm Youth Cohort. N of exposed ASD cases in each strata of analysis / odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

From: Developmental vitamin D and autism spectrum disorders: findings from the Stockholm Youth Cohort

Outcome

Total sample n = 766

Nordic mothersa n = 573

ASD

 Maternal below median, neonatal below median

131/1.75 (1.08, 2.86)

57/1.94 (1.11, 3.41)

 Maternal below median, neonatal above median

60/1.48 (0.92, 2.40)

51/1.78 (1.04, 3.06)

 Maternal above median, neonatal below median

51/1.17 (0.73, 1.89)

46/1.04 (0.62, 1.75)

 Maternal above median, neonatal above median

98/Ref

93/Ref

ASD without ID

 Maternal below median, neonatal below median

73/2.13 (1.24, 3.70)

46/1.99 (1.09, 3.63)

 Maternal below median, neonatal above median

40/1.50 (0.86, 2.59)

38/1.64 (0.91, 2.96)

 Maternal above median, neonatal below median

39/1.11 (0.65, 1.89)

36/1.02 (0.57, 1.78)

 Maternal above median, neonatal above median

74/Ref

72/Ref

ASD with ID

 Maternal below median, neonatal below median

58/1.24 (0.56, 2.72)

11/2.03 (0.76, 5.40)

 Maternal below median, neonatal above median

20/1.46 (0.68, 3.08)

13/2.40 (0.95, 6.05)

 Maternal above median, neonatal below median

12/1.20 (0.52, 2.65)

10/0.83 (0.32, 2.11)

 Maternal above median, neonatal above median

24/Ref

21/Ref

  1. Median sera 25OHD: 55.1 nmol/L; median neonatal 25OHD: 27.2 nmol/L
  2. Estimates are derived from logistic regression models adjusted for year of birth, sample month, and maternal characteristics: psychiatric disorders, age, body mass index, smoking, nutritional supplement use, and region of origin
  3. aAdjusted for all of above except for maternal region of origin