Table 1 Associations between polygenic scores for major depressive disorder (MDD) and loneliness with coronary artery disease (CAD) after excluding patients with a diagnosis of MDD, depressive symptoms, or any psychiatric symptoms

From: Genetic risk for major depressive disorder and loneliness in sex-specific associations with coronary artery disease

Polygenic score

Patient exclusions

N Cases with CAD

N Controls without CAD

OR (95% CI)

P

MDD

None

3893

4197

1.11 (1.04–1.18)

8.43 × 10−4

MDD

MDD

3744

4037

1.11 (1.05–1.18)

6.54 × 10−4

MDD

Depressive symptoms

2935

3147

1.10 (1.03–1.18)

5.76 × 10−3

MDD

Any psychiatric symptoms

2440

2551

1.11 (1.03–1.19)

9.27 × 10−3

Loneliness

None

3893

4197

1.13 (1.08–1.20)

4.51 × 10−6

Loneliness

MDD

3744

4037

1.13 (1.07–1.20)

9.22 × 10−6

Loneliness

Depressive symptoms

2935

3147

1.14 (1.08–1.22)

2.08 × 10−5

Loneliness

Any psychiatric symptoms

2440

2551

1.12 (1.05–1.20)

8.69 × 10−4

  1. MDD major depressive disorder