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A Brain Capital Grand Strategy: toward economic reimagination

Molecular Psychiatry volume 26, pages 3–22 (2021)Cite this article

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‘I have not found among my possessions anything which I hold more dear than, or value so much as, my knowledge of the actions of great people, acquired by long experience in contemporary affairs, and a continual study of antiquity.’ The Prince, Machiavelli

‘I have not found among my possessions anything which I hold more dear than, or value so much as, my knowledge of the actions of great people, acquired by long experience in contemporary affairs, and a continual study of antiquity.’ The Prince, Machiavelli

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Fig. 1: Overview of the Brain Capital Model.
Fig. 2: Potential components of the Brain Capital Index.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the following individuals for their helpful inputs to this concept and paper: Vikram Patel, Maureen Hackett, Jim Hackett, Bruce Miller, Ian Everall, Jeremy Kranz, Jeff Paine, Mark Heinemeyer, Chase Untermeyer, and Thomas Dougherty.

Funding

KS is supported by NIMH, Training the Science of Child Mental Health Treatment, 5T32MH073517-14. MB is supported by a NHMRC Senior Principal Research Fellowship (1059660 and 1156072). JC is supported by KMA; NIGMS grant P20GM109025; NINDS grant U01NS093334; and NIA grant R01AG053798. No other co-authors have funding support to note. AWL gratefully acknowledges funding support from Jean-Jacques DeGroof and other sponsors of the MIT Laboratory for Financial Engineering (https://lfe.mit.edu/about/sponsors/). No funding bodies of AWL had any role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of this paper. No direct funding was received for this study by AWL, who was personally salaried by his institution during the period of writing (though no specific salary was set aside for or given to AWL for the writing of this paper). DJ’s work was supported, in part, by the National Institute of Mental Health R01 grant (R01MH094151-01 to DJ [PI]), and the Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging at the University of California San Diego. WDD reports funding from GBHI ALZ UK-20-640170 and from Oregon Health Authority. HL receives grant funding from NIMH, NIA, NCCIH, NIAMS, PCORI, Alzheimer’s Research and Prevention Foundation. E. Storch reports research support from NIH, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Red Cross, Greater Houston Community Foundation, ReBuild Texas. AI is partially supported by grants from CONICET, ANID/FONDAP/15150012, the Interamerican Development Bank (IDB), GBHI ALZ UK-20-639295, and the Multi-partner Consortium to Expand Dementia Research in Latin America (ReDLat; NIH NIA R01 AG057234, Alzheimer’s Association SG-20-725707, Tau Consortium, and Global Brain Health Institute).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Erin Smith & Ernestine Fu

  2. School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Diab Ali

  3. Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Diab Ali

  4. Mental Health International, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Bill Wilkerson

  5. Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    Walter D. Dawson

  6. Institute on Aging, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA

    Walter D. Dawson

  7. Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Walter D. Dawson, Ioannis Tarnanas, Agustin Ibanez & Ian H. Robertson

  8. Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA

    Walter D. Dawson, Ioannis Tarnanas, Agustin Ibanez & Ian H. Robertson

  9. Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Kunmi Sobowale, Helen Lavretsky & Ryan Abbott

  10. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Charles Reynolds III

  11. Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Michael Berk & Harris A. Eyre

  12. Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Michael Berk & Harris A. Eyre

  13. Orygen Youth Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Michael Berk

  14. The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Michael Berk

  15. Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Dilip Jeste

  16. Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia

    Chee H. Ng

  17. Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA

    Jair C. Soares

  18. Brainstorm Laboratory for Mental Health Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Gowri Aragam & Harris A. Eyre

  19. Department of Genetics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Zoe Wainer

  20. Neuroscience, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA

    Husseini K. Manji

  21. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA

    Husseini K. Manji

  22. Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Medicine, and Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA

    Julio Licinio

  23. Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Department of Finance, Sloan Business School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA

    Andrew W. Lo

  24. Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Eric Storch

  25. Psychiatry Department, University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France

    Marion Leboyer

  26. Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad San Andres, Riobamba 1276, C1116ABJ, San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Agustin Ibanez

  27. National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9 (C1425FQB), Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Agustin Ibanez & Facundo Manes

  28. Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibañez University, Av. Presidente Errázuriz 3328, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile

    Agustin Ibanez

  29. Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Calle 90 # 46-112, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia

    Agustin Ibanez

  30. Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Facundo Manes

  31. Thalamic, London, UK

    Sarah Caddick

  32. Departments of Geriatric Medicine, Palliative Care and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA

    Howard Fillit

  33. School of Law, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK

    Ryan Abbott

  34. Center for BrainHealth, The BrainHealth Project, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA

    Ian H. Robertson & Sandra B. Chapman

  35. Departments of Anatomy, Neurobiology, Neurology and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA

    Rhoda Au

  36. Center for Strategic Philanthropy, Milken Institute, Washington, DC, USA

    Cara M. Altimus

  37. New Approaches to Economic Challenges Unit, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, France

    William Hynes

  38. Rainwater Charitable Foundation, Dallas, TX, USA

    Patrick Brannelly

  39. Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Jeffrey Cummings

  40. Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA

    Jeffrey Cummings

  41. Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

    Harris A. Eyre

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  2. Diab Ali
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  3. Bill Wilkerson
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  4. Walter D. Dawson
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  5. Kunmi Sobowale
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  6. Charles Reynolds III
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  7. Michael Berk
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  8. Helen Lavretsky
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  9. Dilip Jeste
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  10. Chee H. Ng
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  11. Jair C. Soares
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  14. Husseini K. Manji
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  15. Julio Licinio
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  20. Ioannis Tarnanas
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  21. Agustin Ibanez
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  22. Facundo Manes
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  23. Sarah Caddick
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  24. Howard Fillit
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  25. Ryan Abbott
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  26. Ian H. Robertson
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  28. Rhoda Au
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  29. Cara M. Altimus
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  30. William Hynes
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  32. Jeffrey Cummings
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  33. Harris A. Eyre
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harris A. Eyre.

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JC has provided consultation to Acadia, Actinogen, Alkahest, Alzheon, AnnovisBio, Avanir, Axsome, BiOasis, Biogen, Cassava, Cerecin, Cortexyme, Cytox, Diadem, EIP Pharma, Eisai, Foresight, GemVax, Genentech, Green Valley, Grifols, Maplight, Merck, Otsuka, Resverlogix, Roche, Samumed, Samus, Signant, Third Rock, and United Neuroscience pharmaceutical and assessment companies. JC has stock options in ADAMAS, MedAvante, QR pharma/AnnovisBio, BiOasis. Ryan Abbott works as an attorney and consult to a variety of commercial enterprises in the life science and information technology fields. AWL reports personal investments in public and private biotech companies, biotech venture capital funds, and biotech mutual funds. He is a director of BridgeBio Pharma and Roivant Sciences, and a member of the Board of Overseers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the NIH’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences Advisory Council and Cures Acceleration Network Review Board. He is a co-founder and partner of QLS Advisors, a health care analytics company; an advisor to BrightEdge Ventures, the impact fund of the American Cancer Society; and chairman emeritus and senior advisor to AlphaSimplex Group, an asset management company he founded in 1999. CR receives a stipend from the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry for editing the American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry; royalty income from the University of Pittsburgh as co-inventor of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory. IT reports income and stock in ALTOIDA LLC and has a patent “Apparatus, method and program for determining a cognitive state of a user of a mobile device” pending. HAE receives fees from PRODEO LLC, PreActive Technologies INC and ALTOIDA LLC. CHN had served as a consultant for Lundbeck, Grunbiotics, Servier, Janssen-Cilag, and Eli Lilly, received research grant support from Lundbeck, and speaker honoraria from Servier, Lundbeck, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Organon, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Astra-Zenaca, Wyeth, and Pfizer. WDD reports personal fees from Commonwealth Fund, personal fees from AARP, personal fees from Insights to Illuminate, LLC, personal fees from Cognitive Solutions, LLC, personal fees from Oregon Health Care Association, personal fees from Mather LifeWays, personal fees from Splaine Consulting, outside the submitted work. E. Storch reports consulting fees from Levo Therapeutics; Honoraria from International OCD Foundation; and book royalties from Wiley, Elsevier, Springer, American Psychological Association, Oxford, Jessica Kingsley, Lawrence Erlbaum. The contents of this publication are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not represent the official views of these Institutions. No other co-authors have disclosures.

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Smith, E., Ali, D., Wilkerson, B. et al. A Brain Capital Grand Strategy: toward economic reimagination. Mol Psychiatry 26, 3–22 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-020-00918-w

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