Table 4 Analysis of previously identified maternal antibody patterns (ASD MAR + patterns).

From: Maternal autoantibody profiles as biomarkers for ASD and ASD with co-occurring intellectual disability

Antibody Pattern

ASD N = 540

ID N = 184

GP N = 420

ASD vs GP

ASD vs GP

ASD vs ID

ASD vs ID

ID vs GP

ID vs GP

N (%)

N (%)

N (%)

Fisher’s Exact p value

OR 95% CI

Fisher’s Exact p value

OR 95% CI

Fisher’s Exact p value

OR 95% CI

ANY COMBO

55 (10.19)

7 (3.8)

6 (1.43)

<0.001

7.81 (3.32 to 22.43)

0.01

2.86 (1.27 to 7.6)

0.07

2.72 (0.77 to 9.96)

CRMP1 + CRMP2

14 (2.59)

0 (0.)

0 (0)

<0.001

15.68 (3.32 to > 999.99)

0.03

6.86 (1.45 to > 999.99)

NA

NA

CRMP2 + STIP1

9 (1.67)

1 (0.54)

0 (0)

0.01

9.85 (1.99 to > 999.99)

0.47

3.1 (0.42 to 136.68)

0.30

2.28 (0.12 to >999.99)

LDHA + YBOX

10 (1.85)

2 (1.09)

1 (0.24)

0.03

7.89 (1.12 to 343.89)

0.74

1.72 (0.36 to 16.25)

0.22

4.59 (0.24 to 272.28)

GDA + YBOX

6 (1.11)

2 (1.09)

0 (0)

0.04

6.4 (1.21 to > 999.99)

1.00

1.02 (0.18 to 10.45)

0.09

5.53 (0.66 to >999.99)

CRMP1 + STIP1

9 (1.67)

0 (0)

1 (0.24)

0.05

7.09 (0.98 to 312.00)

0.12

4.31 (0.87 to >999.99)

1.00

2.28 (0. to 43.37)

NSE + STIP1

5 (0.92)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.07

5.26 (0.95 to >999.99)

0.34

2.30 (0.42 to >999.99)

NA

NA

CRMP1 + GDA

8 (1.48)

1 (0.5)

1 (0.24)

0.09

6.29 (0.84 to 280.23)

0.46

2.75 (0.36 to 122.77)

0.52

2.29 (0.03 to 180.15)

LDHB + YBOX

4 (0.74)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0.14

4.13 (0.7 to >999.99)

0.58

1.81 (0.31 to >999.99)

NA

NA

STIP1 + YBOX

4 (0.74)

2 (1.09)

3 (0.71)

1.00

1.04 (0.17 to 7.12)

0.65

0.68 (0.10 to 7.57)

0.64

1.53 (0.13 to 13.44)

  1. ASD Autism Spectrum Disorders, ID intellectual disability, GP general population, CRMP1 and CRMP2 collapsin response mediator proteins 1 and 2, GDA guanine deaminase, NSE neuron specific enolase, LDHA-B lactate dehydrogenase A and B, STIP1 stress induced phosphoprotein 1, YBOX Y-box binding protein 1.
  2. Fisher’s exact test (two-sided) was used to evaluate the association of the patterns with ASD diagnosis and p values > 0.05 were bolded and considered significant.
  3. The odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) using exact logistic regression, which is appropriate for small or zero cell sizes. Note that a zero-cell size for the number exposed in the reference group results in an unbounded upper confidence interval limit for the OR, displayed as >999.99.
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