Table 4 Fixed effects of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms on hair cortisol concentration from linear mixed models.

Model	Fixed effect	B	SE	p value	% Change cortisol
Batch only	PTSD	0.003	0.001	<0.001	0.6
Full model	PTSD	0.001	0.001	0.041	0.3
	Sex	0.237	0.018	<0.001	72.5
	Age	0.056	0.004	<0.001	13.7
	Pubertal stage	0.070	0.025	0.005	17.6
	Hair colour: brown	−0.039	0.017	0.020	−8.6
	Hair colour: other	−0.076	0.046	0.100	−16.1
Full model excluding age	PTSD	0.002	0.001	0.003	0.4
	Sex	0.203	0.019	<0.001	59.7
	Pubertal stage	0.252	0.021	<0.001	78.5
	Hair colour: brown	−0.055	0.018	0.002	−11.9
	Hair colour: other	−0.075	0.047	0.116	−15.9

Linear mixed model specification: log₁₀cortisol ~ ptsd + batch + (1|participant) + additional covariates. Covariates in minimal model: age, sex, pubertal stage, hair colour. Fixed effects for analysis batch not shown due to the number of levels [46]. Reference groups: Sex (male), pubertal stage (early-mid puberty), hair colour (black). % change in cortisol calculated from regression B values. PTSD symptom score range = 0–51.

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