Fig. 3: Main findings on gut microbiota ecosystem in bipolar disorders. | Molecular Psychiatry

Fig. 3: Main findings on gut microbiota ecosystem in bipolar disorders.

From: Microbiota–gut–brain axis mechanisms in the complex network of bipolar disorders: potential clinical implications and translational opportunities

Fig. 3

As shown, BD patients are characterized by presenting a reduced microbial diversity and changes in relative abundance of several taxa, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of this complex disorder. Besides, specific differences according to the type and clinical manifestation, although further efforts are needed in hypomanic/manic phases, mixed features and also in the comparison between type 1 and 2 BD. Finally, compelling evidence is also supporting the notion that the gut microbiota can present some similarities and disparities across psychiatric disorders, opening the use of gut microbiota as potential biomarkers.

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