Fig. 1: Forest plot showing the summary effect sizes for the coefficient of variation ratio (CVR) of glutamate measures.
From: Variability and magnitude of brain glutamate levels in schizophrenia: a meta and mega-analysis
A CVR in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy volunteers (HV). B CVR in patients treated with antipsychotic medication compared to HV. C CVR in antipsychotic-naïve patients compared to HV. Significant results are shown in blue. Variability was significantly higher in patients relative to HV in the medial frontal cortex (MFC; all glutamatergic metabolites), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC: Glutamine and Glx) and Thalamus (Thal; Glutamate and Glx-). There were no significant differences in glutamatergic metabolite variability in the frontal white matter (fWM), temporal lobe (Temp) and basal ganglia (BG) in patients compared with HV. Reduced Glx variability in the basal ganglia (BG) was found in medicated patients relative to HV. CVR, 95% confidence intervals, P value and I2 presented.
